PGI. 201 – Pāli Prescribed Texts - I
Syllabus
An ability to comprehend the following prescribed texts is expected here. The following topics should be given due attention: standard of each text, philosohphical, cultural and literary significance of each text; diction, style and special linguistic characteristics; internal and external evidence of chronology. Attention should be paid to the significance of each text in the context of the Pāli Canon.
It is essential to have a general grammatical knowledge of the language employed in the prescribed texts. Proficiency in translating into English the passages from the prescribed texts will also be examined.
Prescribed Texts:
(One of the following lists of texts for each year will be prescribed by the department.)
(A) 1. Dīghanikāya - Mahāpadāna sutta
2. Mahāvaggapāḷi - Uposathakkhandhaka
3. Theragāthā - Vangisattheragāthā
4. Suttanipāta - Aṭṭhaka Vagga
(B) 1. Majjhimanikāya - Brāhmaṇa vagga (1-5 Discourses)
2. Mahāvaggapāḷi - Mahā Khandhaka
3. Theragāthā - Mahāmoggallāna Theragāthā
4. Suttanipāta - Parāyana vagga
(C) 1. Saṃyuttanikāya - Sagathaka vagga
2. Cullavaggapāḷi - Bhikkhunī Khandhaka
3. Apadāna Pāḷi - Mahāpajāpatī Apadāna
4. Udāna Pāḷi - Meghiya Vagga
Recommended Reading:
1. Suttanipata, SBE, Vol. x. Fausboll, V. pt, 2 (Reprint), 1965
2. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism G. C. Pande, Alahabad, 1957
3. A Critical Analysis of the Pali Suttanipata Illustrating its Gradual Growth Jayawickrame, N. A., University of Ceylon, Review, 1951
4. A History of Pali Literature B. C. Law, London, 1933
5. A Textual and Historical Analysis of the Khuddaka Nikaya Oliver Abenayake, Colombo, 1984
6. History of Indian Literature, Vol. ii. Maurice Winternitz, Delhi, 1983
7. Poems of the Cloister and the Jungle C. A. F. Rhys Davids, London
It is essential to have a general grammatical knowledge of the language employed in the prescribed texts. Proficiency in translating into English the passages from the prescribed texts will also be examined.
Prescribed Texts:
(One of the following lists of texts for each year will be prescribed by the department.)
(A) 1. Dīghanikāya - Mahāpadāna sutta
2. Mahāvaggapāḷi - Uposathakkhandhaka
3. Theragāthā - Vangisattheragāthā
4. Suttanipāta - Aṭṭhaka Vagga
(B) 1. Majjhimanikāya - Brāhmaṇa vagga (1-5 Discourses)
2. Mahāvaggapāḷi - Mahā Khandhaka
3. Theragāthā - Mahāmoggallāna Theragāthā
4. Suttanipāta - Parāyana vagga
(C) 1. Saṃyuttanikāya - Sagathaka vagga
2. Cullavaggapāḷi - Bhikkhunī Khandhaka
3. Apadāna Pāḷi - Mahāpajāpatī Apadāna
4. Udāna Pāḷi - Meghiya Vagga
Recommended Reading:
1. Suttanipata, SBE, Vol. x. Fausboll, V. pt, 2 (Reprint), 1965
2. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism G. C. Pande, Alahabad, 1957
3. A Critical Analysis of the Pali Suttanipata Illustrating its Gradual Growth Jayawickrame, N. A., University of Ceylon, Review, 1951
4. A History of Pali Literature B. C. Law, London, 1933
5. A Textual and Historical Analysis of the Khuddaka Nikaya Oliver Abenayake, Colombo, 1984
6. History of Indian Literature, Vol. ii. Maurice Winternitz, Delhi, 1983
7. Poems of the Cloister and the Jungle C. A. F. Rhys Davids, London
Examination Questions
2007
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni. Appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni. Appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni anupalittāni udakena. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante.
70. ‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, mahābrahmā vipassissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha, pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu.
‘Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ [sokāvakiṇṇaṃ (syā.)] janatamapetasoko,
Avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ;
Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma,
Satthavāha aṇaṇa vicara loke.
Desassu [desetu (syā. pī.)] bhagavā dhammaṃ,
Aññātāro bhavissantī’ti.
71. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ;
Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ,
Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’ti.
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, mahābrahmā ‘katāvakāso khomhi vipassinā bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dhammadesanāyā’ti vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tattheva antaradhāyi.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Brahmayācanakathā
(b) Explain the origin and evolution of the Buddhist dispensation according to Mahākkhandhaka
???
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Atha kho selassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘ghosopi kho eso dullabho lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ buddhoti. Āgatāni kho panamhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati rājā hoti cakkavatti dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado [vivattacchaddo (sī. pī.)]. Kahaṃ pana, bho keṇiya, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti?
Evaṃ vutte, keṇiyo jaṭilo dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ paggahetvā selaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca –
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 3. Mahāvaggo - 7. Selasuttaṃ
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
1187. ‘‘Ete sambahulā devā, iddhimanto yasassino;
Dasa devasahassāni, sabbe brahmapurohitā;
Moggallānaṃ namassantā, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā.
1188. ‘‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Yassa te āsavā khīṇā, dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisa’.
1189. ‘‘Pūjito naradevena, uppanno maraṇābhibhū;
Puṇḍarīkaṃva toyena, saṅkhārenupalippati.
1190. ‘‘Yassa muhuttena sahassadhā loko, saṃvidito sabrahmakappo vasi;
Iddhiguṇe cutupapāte kāle, passati devatā sa bhikkhu.
1191. ‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Theragāthāpāḷi – 20. Saṭṭhinipāto - 1. Mahāmoggallānattheragāthā
(b) „The Theragātha expresses the mystic experiences of the disciples of the Buddha.“ Discuss.
2006
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English
‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ; Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā’’ti [tamokkhandhena āvutāti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya. Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati [namissati (?)], no dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvagga Pāḷi – 6. Brahmāsaṃyuttaṃ - 1. Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ
(b) Evaluate the authenticity of Mahākkhandhaka in studying the life of the Buddha.
Or
Examine the importance of the relationship between pupil & teacher described in Mahākkhandhaka.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English
1040. ‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, (iccāyasmā ajito)
Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhiyyare’’ [pithiyyare (sī. syā. pī.), pithīyare (sī. aṭṭha.), pidhīyare (?)].
1041. ‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, (ajitāti bhagavā)
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhiyyare’’.
1042. ‘‘Paññā ceva sati yañca [satī ceva (sī.), satī ca (syā.), satī cāpi (pī. niddesa), sati cāpi (niddesa)], (iccāyasmā ajito)
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi, katthetaṃ uparujjhati’’.
1043. ‘‘Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, ajita taṃ vadāmi te;
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhati’’.
1044. ‘‘Ye ca saṅkhātadhammāse, ye ca sekhā puthū idha;
Tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ, puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisa’’.
1045. ‘‘Kāmesu nābhigijjheyya, manasānāvilo siyā;
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 5. Pārāyanavaggo - 1. Ajitamāṇavapucchā
(b) Discuss the changes of Mahāpurisa concept in the Tissametteyya Sutta.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English
Ehi tvaṃ, tāta uttara, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jānāhi yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā; yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso. Tathā mayaṃ taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ vedissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ jānissāmi yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā; yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso’’ti. ‘‘Āgatāni kho, tāta uttara, amhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena [dhammena samena (ka.)] abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Ahaṃ kho pana, tāta uttara, mantānaṃ dātā; tvaṃ mantānaṃ paṭiggahetā’’ti.
Majjhima Nikāya – Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi – 5. Brāhmaṇavaggo - 1. Brahmāyusuttaṃ
(b) Examine the authoritative power of the unversal monarch (cakkavatti) as revealed in the concept of seven treasures (satta ratana)
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English
1173. ‘‘Codito bhāvitattena, sarīrantimadhārinā;
Migāramātupāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayiṃ.
1174. ‘‘Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
Nibbānamadhigantabbaṃ, sabbagantha-pamocanaṃ.
1175. ‘‘Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamaporiso;
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhiniṃ [savāhanaṃ (ka.)].
1176. ‘‘Vivaramanupabhanti vijjutā, vebhārassa ca paṇḍavassa ca;
Nagavivaragato jhāyati, putto appaṭimassa tādino.
1177. ‘‘Upasanto uparato, pantasenāsano muni;
Dāyādo buddhaseṭṭhassa, brahmunā abhivandito.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Theragāthāpāḷi – 20. Saṭṭhinipāto - 1. Mahāmoggallānattheragāthā
(b) Discuss the doctrinal and literary combination reflected in the Theragāthā
2005
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
150. Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kati nu kho pātimokkhuddesā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Pañcime, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesā – nidānaṃ uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭhamo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ dutiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tatiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā dve aniyate uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ catuttho pātimokkhuddeso. Vitthāreneva pañcamo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca pātimokkhuddesāti.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddeso anuññātoti – sabbakālaṃ saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
Tena kho pana samayena kosalesu janapade aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe savarabhayaṃ [saṃcarabhayaṃ (syā.)] ahosi. Bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu vitthārena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū asatipi antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, asati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Tatrime antarāyā – rājantarāyo, corantarāyo, agyantarāyo, udakantarāyo, manussantarāyo, amanussantarāyo, vāḷantarāyo, sarīsapantarāyo, jīvitantarāyo, brahmacariyantarāyoti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, evarūpesu antarāyesu saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, asati antarāye vitthārenāti.
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhena dhammo bhāsitabbo. Yo bhāseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā sāmaṃ vā dhammaṃ bhāsituṃ paraṃ vā ajjhesitunti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 78. Saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddesādi
(b) Define Pubbakaraṇa and Pubbakicca, and show their importance in the Uposatha Kamma (Pātimokkha reciting)
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English
37. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā nemitte brāhmaṇe ahatehi vatthehi acchādāpetvā [acchādetvā (syā.)] sabbakāmehi santappesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā vipassissa kumārassa dhātiyo upaṭṭhāpesi. Aññā khīraṃ pāyenti, aññā nhāpenti, aññā dhārenti, aññā aṅkena pariharanti. Jātassa kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa setacchattaṃ dhārayittha divā ceva rattiñca – ‘mā naṃ sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā tiṇaṃ vā rajo vā ussāvo vā bādhayitthā’ti. Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro bahuno janassa piyo ahosi manāpo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uppalaṃ vā padumaṃ vā puṇḍarīkaṃ vā bahuno janassa piyaṃ manāpaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro bahuno janassa piyo ahosi manāpo. Svāssudaṃ aṅkeneva aṅkaṃ parihariyati.
38. ‘‘Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro mañjussaro ca [kumāro brahmassaro mañjussaro ca (sī. ka.)] ahosi vaggussaro ca madhurassaro ca pemaniyassaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, himavante pabbate karavīkā nāma sakuṇajāti mañjussarā ca vaggussarā ca madhurassarā ca pemaniyassarā ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro mañjussaro ca ahosi vaggussaro ca madhurassaro ca pemaniyassaro ca.
39. ‘‘Jātassa kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa kammavipākajaṃ dibbacakkhu pāturahosi yena sudaṃ [yena dūraṃ (syā.)] samantā yojanaṃ passati divā ceva rattiñca.
40. ‘‘Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro animisanto pekkhati seyyathāpi devā tāvatiṃsā. ‘Animisanto kumāro pekkhatī’ti kho, bhikkhave [animisanto pekkhati, jātassa kho pana bhikkhave (ka.)], vipassissa kumārassa ‘vipassī vipassī’ tveva samaññā udapādi.
41. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā atthakaraṇe [aṭṭa karaṇe (syā.)] nisinno vipassiṃ kumāraṃ aṅke nisīdāpetvā atthe anusāsati. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro pituaṅke nisinno viceyya viceyya atthe panāyati ñāyena [aṭṭe panāyati ñāṇena (syā.)]. Viceyya viceyya kumāro atthe panāyati ñāyenāti kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa bhiyyosomattāya ‘vipassī vipassī’ tveva samaññā udapādi.
42. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā vipassissa kumārassa tayo pāsāde kārāpesi, ekaṃ vassikaṃ ekaṃ hemantikaṃ ekaṃ gimhikaṃ; pañca kāmaguṇāni upaṭṭhāpesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro vassike pāsāde cattāro māse [vassike pāsāde vassike] nippurisehi tūriyehi paricārayamāno na heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ orohatī’’ti.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Vipassīsamaññā
(b) Referring to Mahāpadāna Sutta, give an overview of the development of the Buddha concept.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
802. Paramanti diṭṭhīsu paribbasāno, yaduttari kurute jantu loke;
Hīnāti aññe tato sabbamāha, tasmā vivādāni avītivatto.
803. Yadattanī passati ānisaṃsaṃ, diṭṭhe sute sīlavate [sīlabbate (syā.)] mute vā;
Tadeva so tattha samuggahāya, nihīnato passati sabbamaññaṃ.
804. Taṃ vāpi ganthaṃ kusalā vadanti, yaṃ nissito passati hīnamaññaṃ;
Tasmā hi diṭṭhaṃ va sutaṃ mutaṃ vā, sīlabbataṃ bhikkhu na nissayeyya.
805. Diṭṭhimpi lokasmiṃ na kappayeyya, ñāṇena vā sīlavatena vāpi;
Samoti attānamanūpaneyya, hīno na maññetha visesi vāpi.
806. Attaṃ pahāya anupādiyāno, ñāṇepi so nissayaṃ no karoti;
Sa ve viyattesu [viyuttesu (sī. aṭṭha.), dviyattesu (ka.)] na vaggasārī, diṭṭhimpi [diṭṭhimapi (ka.)] so na pacceti kiñci.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 4. Aṭṭhakavaggo – 5. Paramaṭṭhakasuttaṃ
(b) Show with reference to the Aṭṭakavagga of the Suttanipāta that being fanatic in views is a hindrancec in the attainment of liberation (Nibbāna).
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye;
Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā.
‘‘Piyavācaṃva bhāseyya, yā vācā paṭinanditā;
Yaṃ anādāya pāpāni, paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṃ.
‘‘Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano;
Sacce atthe ca dhamme ca, āhu santo patiṭṭhitā.
‘‘Yaṃ buddho bhāsate vācaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sā ve vācānamuttamā’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 5. Subhāsitasuttaṃ
‘‘Gambhīrapañño medhāvī, maggāmaggassa kovido;
Sāriputto mahāpañño, dhammaṃ deseti bhikkhunaṃ.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 6. Sāriputtasuttaṃ
(b) Analyse the relationship of liberation and poetic creativity reflected in the Vaṅgīsa theragātha.
2004
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
Jāte kho pana bhikkhave Vipassimhi kumāre, Bandhumato rañño paṭivedesuṅ: „Putto 'te deva jāto, taṃ devo passatūti.“ Addasā kho bhikkhave Bandhumā rājā Vipassī kumāraṅ, disvā nemitte brāhmaṇe amantāpetvā etad avoca:
„Passantu bhonto nemittā brāhmanā kumāraṃ ti.“ Addasāsuṃ kho bhikkhave nemittā brāhmaṇā Vipassī kumāraṃ disvā Bandhuman rājānaṃ etad avocuṅ: „Attamano deva hohi, mahesakkho te deva putto uppanno. Lābhā te Mahārājā, suladdhaṃ te Mahārājā, yassa te kule evarūpo putto uppanno.
Ayaṃ hi deva kumāro dvattiṅsa Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇepi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa Mahāpurisassa dve gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rjā hoti cakka-vatti dhammiko dhamma-rLjL cāturanto vijitāvi janapadatthāvariyappatto satta-ratana-samannāgato. Tass' imani satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathīdaṃ cakkaratanaṃ hatthi ratanaṃ assa-ratanaṃ maṇi-ratanaṃ itthi-ratanaṃ gahapati-ratanaṃ parināyaka-ratanaṃ eva sattamaṅ. Paro sahassaṃ kho pan'assa puttā bhavanti sūrā virañga-rūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ paṭhaviṃ sāgara-pariyantaṃ adaṇdena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammā sambuddho loke vivattacchaddo.
(b) Examine the transformation of Gautama Buddha's image from a human to a god above gods.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhu anupariveniyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti asaṅketena. Āgantukā bhikkhū na jānati kattha vā ajj' uposatho kariyissatīti. Bhagavato etaṃ atthaṃ ārocesuṅ. Na bhikkhave anupariveṇiyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ asaṅketena. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkhatassa. Anujānāmi bhikkhave uposathāgāraṃ sammannitvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ yaṃ saṅgho ākañkhati viharaṃ vā aḍḍhayogaṃ vā pāsādaṃ vā hammiyaṃ vā guhaṃ vā. Evañ ca pana bhikkhave sammannitabbaṅ: vyattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo:
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṅ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ viharaṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa vihārassa uposathāgarassa sammuti, so tun' assa, yassa na kkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo vihāro uposathāgāraṅ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evaṃ etaṃ dhārayaāmīti.
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammatāni honti. Bhikkhu ubhayattha sannipatanti idha uposatho kariyassati idha uposatho kariyissatīti. Bhagavato etaṃ atthaṃ arocesuṅ. Na bhikkhave ekasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammannitabbāni. Yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkatassa. Anujānāmi bhikkhave ekaṃ samuhanitvā ekattha uposathaṃ kātuṅ.
(b) Discuss the importance of Uposathakamma of Buddhist order.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
a) Taṃ eva vācaṃ bhāseyya yay' attānaṃ na tāpaye pare ca na vihiṅseyya; sa ve vācā subhāsitā.
b) Piyavcaṃ eva bhāseyya yā vācā paṭinanditā yaṃ anādāya pāpni paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṅ.
c) Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano; sacce at the ca dhamme ca āhu santo patitthitā.
d) Yaṃ buddho bhāsatī vācaṃ khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā dukkhass' antakiriyāya, sa ve vacānaṃ uttamā.
e) Gambhirapañño medhāvī maggāmaggassa kovido Sāriputto mahāpañño dhammaṃ deseti bhikkhunaṅ.
f) Saṅkhittena pi deseti vitthārena pi bhāsati sālikāye va nigghoso paṭibhānaṃ udīrayī.
(b) „Theragāthās are echoes of understanding of the Arhant disciples.“ Examine this with suitable examples.
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English.
a) 'Passāmi suddhaṃ paramaṃ arogyaṃ
diṭṭhena saṅsuddhi narassa hoti'
etabhijānaṃ 'paraman'ti ñatvā
suddhānupassi ti pacceti ñāṇaṅ.
b) Diṭṭhena ce suddhi narassa hoti
ñānena vā so pajahāti dukkhaṅ,
aññena so sujjhati sopadhīko
diṭṭhi hi naṃ pāva tathā vadānaṅ.
c) Na brāhmaṇo aññato suddhiṃ āha
diṭṭhe sute sīlavate mute vā
puññe ca pāpe ca anñpalitto
attañjaho na-y-idha pakubbamāno
d) Purimaṃ pahāya aparaṃ sitāse
ejānugā te na taranti saṅgaṃ,
te uggahyanti nirassajanti
kapiva sākhaṃ pamuñcaṃ gahāya
e) Sayaṃ samādāya vatāni jantu
uccāvacaṃ gacchati saññasatto,
vidvāca vedehi samecca dhammaṃ
na uccāvacaṃ gacchati bhūripañño.
f) Sa sabbadhammesu visenibhūto
yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ va sutaṃ mutaṃ vā
taṃ evadassiṃ vivaṭaṃ carantaṃ
kenidha lokasmiṃ vikappayeyya
(b) „The Buddhist way of 'Nibbāṇization' goes beyond all the accepted views.“ Discuss.
2003
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English
34. ‘Katamehi cāyaṃ, deva, kumāro dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāpī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni sattaratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭacchado.
35. ‘Ayañhi, deva, kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo. Yaṃ pāyaṃ, deva, kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo. Idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘Imassa, deva [imassa hi deva (?)], kumārassa heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni. Yampi, imassa deva, kumārassa heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni, idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇā
(b) Examine critically the marks of the Buddha's body that are depicted in the Mahāpadāna Sutta of Dīgha Nikāya.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā anuññātā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitunti – cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdissanti, seyyathāpi mūgasūkarā. Nanu nāma sannipatitehi dhammo bhāsitabbo’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsitu’’nti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 68. Sannipātānujānanā
133. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ paññattāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyyaṃ. So nesaṃ bhavissati uposathakamma’’nti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 69. Pātimokkhuddesānujānanā
(b) Write an exposition on the formal act of observance in the light of Buddhist Vinaya.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati;
Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti.
‘‘Saññāya vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati;
Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.
‘‘Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato;
Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ.
‘‘Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ;
Sati kāyagatā tyatthu, nibbidābahulo bha.
‘‘Animittañca bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha;
Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 4. Ānandasuttaṃ
‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye;
Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 5. Subhāsitasuttaṃ
(b) Illustrate the Buddhist attitude of renunciation on the basis of Kāmasutta of Suttanipāta.
2002
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
‘Ayañhi, deva, kumāro uṇhīsasīso. Yaṃ pāyaṃ, deva, kumāro uṇhīsasīso, idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
36. ‘Imehi kho ayaṃ, deva, kumāro dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni sattaratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena [dhammena samena (syā.)] abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭacchado’ti.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇā
(b) Explain in brief the concept of a great man.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘samaggānaṃ uposathakamma’nti. Kittāvatā nu kho sāmaggī hoti, yāvatā ekāvāso, udāhu sabbā pathavī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ettāvatā sāmaggī yāvatā ekāvāsoti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 69. Pātimokkhuddesānujānanā
137. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākappino rājagahe viharati maddakucchimhi migadāye. Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ uposathaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ saṅghakammaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, atha khvāhaṃ visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato mahākappinassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gijjhakūṭe pabbate antarahito maddakucchimhi migadāye āyasmato mahākappinassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Āyasmāpi kho mahākappino bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 70. Mahākappinavatthu
(b) Give an account on the underlined word of the above passage.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Buddhānubuddho so thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo;
Lābhī sukhavihārānaṃ, vivekānaṃ abhiṇhaso.
‘‘Yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, satthusāsanakārinā;
Sabbassa taṃ anuppattaṃ, appamattassa sikkhato.
‘‘Mahānubhāvo tevijjo, cetopariyāyakovido;
Koṇḍañño buddhadāyādo [buddhasāvako (pī.)], pāde vandati satthuno’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 9. Koṇḍaññasuttaṃ
‘Nagassa passe āsīnaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ;
Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyino.
‘‘Te cetasā anupariyeti [anupariyesati (sī. syā. kaṃ.)], moggallāno mahiddhiko;
Cittaṃ nesaṃ samannesaṃ [samanvesaṃ (syā. aṭṭha.)], vippamuttaṃ nirūpadhiṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ;
Anekākārasampannaṃ, payirupāsanti gotama’’nti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 10. Moggallānasuttaṃ
(b) Assess the poetical value of the verses recited by Arahat Vaṅgīsa.
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English
780. Kāmesu giddhā pasutā pamūḷhā, avadāniyā te visame niviṭṭhā;
Dukkhūpanītā paridevayanti, kiṃsū bhavissāma ito cutāse.
781. Tasmā hi sikkhetha idheva jantu, yaṃ kiñci jaññā visamanti loke;
Na tassa hetū visamaṃ careyya, appañhidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā.
782. Passāmi loke pariphandamānaṃ, pajaṃ imaṃ taṇhagataṃ bhavesu;
Hīnā narā maccumukhe lapanti, avītataṇhāse bhavābhavesu.
783. Mamāyite passatha phandamāne, maccheva appodake khīṇasote;
Etampi disvā amamo careyya, bhavesu āsattimakubbamāno.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 4. Aṭṭhakavaggo - 2. Guhaṭṭhakasuttaṃ
(b) Explain the Buddha's teachings on sensual pleasure.
Probably not in the question papers:
QUESTION 1
QUESTION 2
Yathā pana aññe sattā mātukucchito nikkhamantā paṭikūlena asucinā makkhitā nikkhamanti, na evaṃ bodhisatto. So pana dhammāsanato otaranto dhammakathiko viya, nisseṇito otaranto puriso viya, ca dve ca hatthe dve ca pāde pasāretvā ṭhitakova mātukucchisambhavena kenaci asucinā amakkhito suddho visado kāsikavatthe nikkhittamaṇiratanaṃ viya jotayanto mātukucchito nikkhami. Evaṃ santepi bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sakkāratthaṃ ākāsato dve udakadhārā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa ca mātuyā ca sarīre utuṃ gāhāpesuṃ.
Khuddakanikāye – Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā - (Paṭhamo bhāgo) - 2. Avidūrenidānakathā
QUESTION 3
11. Addasā kho upako ājīvako bhagavantaṃ antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vippasannāni kho te, āvuso, indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto. Kaṃsi tvaṃ, āvuso, uddissa pabbajito? Ko vā te satthā? Kassa vā tvaṃ dhammaṃ rocesī’’ti? Evaṃ vutte bhagavā upakaṃ ājīvakaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
[dha. pa. 353; kathā. 405] ‘‘Sabbābhibhū sabbavidūhamasmi,
Sabbesu dhammesu anūpalitto;
Sabbañjaho taṇhākkhaye vimutto,
Sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ.
[mi. pa. 4.5.11 milindapañhepi; kathā. 405] ‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati;
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo.
[kathā. 405 kathāvatthupāḷiyampi] ‘‘Ahañhi arahā loke, ahaṃ satthā anuttaro;
Ekomhi sammāsambuddho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto.
[kathā. 405 kathāvatthupāḷiyampi]‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattetuṃ, gacchāmi kāsinaṃ puraṃ;
Andhībhūtasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, āhañchaṃ [āhaññiṃ (ka.)] amatadundubhi’’nti.
Vinayapiṭake – Mahāvaggapāḷi - 1. Mahākhandhako - 6. Pañcavaggiyakathā1
QUESTION 4
manasā ce padutthena – bhāsati vā karoti vā
tato naṃ dukkhamanveti – cakkaṃva vahato padaṃ.
(Dhammapada 1)
Idha modati pecca modati – katapuñño ubhayattha modati;
so modati so pamodati – disvā kammavisuddhimattano.
(Dhammapada 16)
Visāradaṃ vādapathāti vattinaṃ,
Tilokapajjotamasayhasāhinaṃ;
Asesa ñeyyāvaraṇappahāyinaṃ,
Namāmi satthāramanantagocaraṃ.
Añña – Sīhala Gantha Saṅgaho - Dāṭhāvaṃsa 1
QUESTION 5
Khuddaka Nikāya – Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi – 5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
QUESTION 6
Translate into English:
25. Atha kho sudinno kalandaputto aciravuṭṭhitāya parisāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sudinno kalandaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā yathāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ; icchāmahaṃ, bhante, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Anuññātosi pana tvaṃ, suddinna, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, sudinna, tathāgatā ananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti. ‘‘Sohaṃ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti.
(Vinaya Piṭaka – Pārājikapāḷi - 1. Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ - 1. Paṭhamapārājikaṃ - Sudinnabhāṇavāro –paragraph 25)
QUESTION 7
Translate into English:
5. [udā. 11] Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā ajapālanigrodhamūlā yena mucalindo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā mucalindamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Tena kho pana samayena mahā akālamegho udapādi, sattāhavaddalikā sītavātaduddinī. Atha kho mucalindo nāgarājā sakabhavanā nikkhamitvā bhagavato kāyaṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā uparimuddhani mahantaṃ phaṇaṃ karitvā aṭṭhāsi
(Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi - 1. Mahākhandhako – 3. Mucalindakathā)
QUESTION 8
(Khuddakanikāye – Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā - (Paṭhamo bhāgo) - 1. Ekakanipāto - 15. Kakaṇṭakavaggo - 10. Sañjīvajātakavaṇṇanā)2
1Similar version can be found at: Majjhimanikāyo – Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi - 3. Opammavaggo - 6. Pāsarāsisuttaṃ
2I could not find exactly the same sutta as mentioned in the question paper, also regarding the difficulty that there was no mention of its placement. This sutta is 98% same as the in the test paper. I am definitely sure that the version on the question paper was different because of unintentionally committed mistakes (as there are only two or three very small differences).
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni. Appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni. Appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni anupalittāni udakena. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante.
70. ‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, mahābrahmā vipassissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha, pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu.
‘Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ [sokāvakiṇṇaṃ (syā.)] janatamapetasoko,
Avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ;
Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma,
Satthavāha aṇaṇa vicara loke.
Desassu [desetu (syā. pī.)] bhagavā dhammaṃ,
Aññātāro bhavissantī’ti.
71. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ;
Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ,
Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’ti.
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, mahābrahmā ‘katāvakāso khomhi vipassinā bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dhammadesanāyā’ti vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tattheva antaradhāyi.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Brahmayācanakathā
(b) Explain the origin and evolution of the Buddhist dispensation according to Mahākkhandhaka
???
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Atha kho selassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘ghosopi kho eso dullabho lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ buddhoti. Āgatāni kho panamhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati rājā hoti cakkavatti dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado [vivattacchaddo (sī. pī.)]. Kahaṃ pana, bho keṇiya, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti?
Evaṃ vutte, keṇiyo jaṭilo dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ paggahetvā selaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca –
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 3. Mahāvaggo - 7. Selasuttaṃ
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
1187. ‘‘Ete sambahulā devā, iddhimanto yasassino;
Dasa devasahassāni, sabbe brahmapurohitā;
Moggallānaṃ namassantā, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā.
1188. ‘‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Yassa te āsavā khīṇā, dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisa’.
1189. ‘‘Pūjito naradevena, uppanno maraṇābhibhū;
Puṇḍarīkaṃva toyena, saṅkhārenupalippati.
1190. ‘‘Yassa muhuttena sahassadhā loko, saṃvidito sabrahmakappo vasi;
Iddhiguṇe cutupapāte kāle, passati devatā sa bhikkhu.
1191. ‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Theragāthāpāḷi – 20. Saṭṭhinipāto - 1. Mahāmoggallānattheragāthā
(b) „The Theragātha expresses the mystic experiences of the disciples of the Buddha.“ Discuss.
2006
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English
‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ; Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā’’ti [tamokkhandhena āvutāti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya. Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati [namissati (?)], no dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvagga Pāḷi – 6. Brahmāsaṃyuttaṃ - 1. Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ
(b) Evaluate the authenticity of Mahākkhandhaka in studying the life of the Buddha.
Or
Examine the importance of the relationship between pupil & teacher described in Mahākkhandhaka.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English
1040. ‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, (iccāyasmā ajito)
Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhiyyare’’ [pithiyyare (sī. syā. pī.), pithīyare (sī. aṭṭha.), pidhīyare (?)].
1041. ‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, (ajitāti bhagavā)
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhiyyare’’.
1042. ‘‘Paññā ceva sati yañca [satī ceva (sī.), satī ca (syā.), satī cāpi (pī. niddesa), sati cāpi (niddesa)], (iccāyasmā ajito)
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi, katthetaṃ uparujjhati’’.
1043. ‘‘Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, ajita taṃ vadāmi te;
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhati’’.
1044. ‘‘Ye ca saṅkhātadhammāse, ye ca sekhā puthū idha;
Tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ, puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisa’’.
1045. ‘‘Kāmesu nābhigijjheyya, manasānāvilo siyā;
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 5. Pārāyanavaggo - 1. Ajitamāṇavapucchā
(b) Discuss the changes of Mahāpurisa concept in the Tissametteyya Sutta.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English
Ehi tvaṃ, tāta uttara, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jānāhi yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā; yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso. Tathā mayaṃ taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ vedissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ jānissāmi yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā; yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso’’ti. ‘‘Āgatāni kho, tāta uttara, amhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena [dhammena samena (ka.)] abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Ahaṃ kho pana, tāta uttara, mantānaṃ dātā; tvaṃ mantānaṃ paṭiggahetā’’ti.
Majjhima Nikāya – Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi – 5. Brāhmaṇavaggo - 1. Brahmāyusuttaṃ
(b) Examine the authoritative power of the unversal monarch (cakkavatti) as revealed in the concept of seven treasures (satta ratana)
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English
1173. ‘‘Codito bhāvitattena, sarīrantimadhārinā;
Migāramātupāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayiṃ.
1174. ‘‘Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
Nibbānamadhigantabbaṃ, sabbagantha-pamocanaṃ.
1175. ‘‘Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamaporiso;
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhiniṃ [savāhanaṃ (ka.)].
1176. ‘‘Vivaramanupabhanti vijjutā, vebhārassa ca paṇḍavassa ca;
Nagavivaragato jhāyati, putto appaṭimassa tādino.
1177. ‘‘Upasanto uparato, pantasenāsano muni;
Dāyādo buddhaseṭṭhassa, brahmunā abhivandito.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Theragāthāpāḷi – 20. Saṭṭhinipāto - 1. Mahāmoggallānattheragāthā
(b) Discuss the doctrinal and literary combination reflected in the Theragāthā
2005
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
150. Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kati nu kho pātimokkhuddesā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Pañcime, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesā – nidānaṃ uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭhamo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ dutiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tatiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā dve aniyate uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ catuttho pātimokkhuddeso. Vitthāreneva pañcamo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca pātimokkhuddesāti.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddeso anuññātoti – sabbakālaṃ saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
Tena kho pana samayena kosalesu janapade aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe savarabhayaṃ [saṃcarabhayaṃ (syā.)] ahosi. Bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu vitthārena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū asatipi antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, asati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Tatrime antarāyā – rājantarāyo, corantarāyo, agyantarāyo, udakantarāyo, manussantarāyo, amanussantarāyo, vāḷantarāyo, sarīsapantarāyo, jīvitantarāyo, brahmacariyantarāyoti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, evarūpesu antarāyesu saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, asati antarāye vitthārenāti.
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhena dhammo bhāsitabbo. Yo bhāseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā sāmaṃ vā dhammaṃ bhāsituṃ paraṃ vā ajjhesitunti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 78. Saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddesādi
(b) Define Pubbakaraṇa and Pubbakicca, and show their importance in the Uposatha Kamma (Pātimokkha reciting)
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English
37. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā nemitte brāhmaṇe ahatehi vatthehi acchādāpetvā [acchādetvā (syā.)] sabbakāmehi santappesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā vipassissa kumārassa dhātiyo upaṭṭhāpesi. Aññā khīraṃ pāyenti, aññā nhāpenti, aññā dhārenti, aññā aṅkena pariharanti. Jātassa kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa setacchattaṃ dhārayittha divā ceva rattiñca – ‘mā naṃ sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā tiṇaṃ vā rajo vā ussāvo vā bādhayitthā’ti. Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro bahuno janassa piyo ahosi manāpo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uppalaṃ vā padumaṃ vā puṇḍarīkaṃ vā bahuno janassa piyaṃ manāpaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro bahuno janassa piyo ahosi manāpo. Svāssudaṃ aṅkeneva aṅkaṃ parihariyati.
38. ‘‘Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro mañjussaro ca [kumāro brahmassaro mañjussaro ca (sī. ka.)] ahosi vaggussaro ca madhurassaro ca pemaniyassaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, himavante pabbate karavīkā nāma sakuṇajāti mañjussarā ca vaggussarā ca madhurassarā ca pemaniyassarā ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro mañjussaro ca ahosi vaggussaro ca madhurassaro ca pemaniyassaro ca.
39. ‘‘Jātassa kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa kammavipākajaṃ dibbacakkhu pāturahosi yena sudaṃ [yena dūraṃ (syā.)] samantā yojanaṃ passati divā ceva rattiñca.
40. ‘‘Jāto kho pana, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro animisanto pekkhati seyyathāpi devā tāvatiṃsā. ‘Animisanto kumāro pekkhatī’ti kho, bhikkhave [animisanto pekkhati, jātassa kho pana bhikkhave (ka.)], vipassissa kumārassa ‘vipassī vipassī’ tveva samaññā udapādi.
41. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā atthakaraṇe [aṭṭa karaṇe (syā.)] nisinno vipassiṃ kumāraṃ aṅke nisīdāpetvā atthe anusāsati. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro pituaṅke nisinno viceyya viceyya atthe panāyati ñāyena [aṭṭe panāyati ñāṇena (syā.)]. Viceyya viceyya kumāro atthe panāyati ñāyenāti kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa kumārassa bhiyyosomattāya ‘vipassī vipassī’ tveva samaññā udapādi.
42. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, bandhumā rājā vipassissa kumārassa tayo pāsāde kārāpesi, ekaṃ vassikaṃ ekaṃ hemantikaṃ ekaṃ gimhikaṃ; pañca kāmaguṇāni upaṭṭhāpesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro vassike pāsāde cattāro māse [vassike pāsāde vassike] nippurisehi tūriyehi paricārayamāno na heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ orohatī’’ti.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Vipassīsamaññā
(b) Referring to Mahāpadāna Sutta, give an overview of the development of the Buddha concept.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
802. Paramanti diṭṭhīsu paribbasāno, yaduttari kurute jantu loke;
Hīnāti aññe tato sabbamāha, tasmā vivādāni avītivatto.
803. Yadattanī passati ānisaṃsaṃ, diṭṭhe sute sīlavate [sīlabbate (syā.)] mute vā;
Tadeva so tattha samuggahāya, nihīnato passati sabbamaññaṃ.
804. Taṃ vāpi ganthaṃ kusalā vadanti, yaṃ nissito passati hīnamaññaṃ;
Tasmā hi diṭṭhaṃ va sutaṃ mutaṃ vā, sīlabbataṃ bhikkhu na nissayeyya.
805. Diṭṭhimpi lokasmiṃ na kappayeyya, ñāṇena vā sīlavatena vāpi;
Samoti attānamanūpaneyya, hīno na maññetha visesi vāpi.
806. Attaṃ pahāya anupādiyāno, ñāṇepi so nissayaṃ no karoti;
Sa ve viyattesu [viyuttesu (sī. aṭṭha.), dviyattesu (ka.)] na vaggasārī, diṭṭhimpi [diṭṭhimapi (ka.)] so na pacceti kiñci.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 4. Aṭṭhakavaggo – 5. Paramaṭṭhakasuttaṃ
(b) Show with reference to the Aṭṭakavagga of the Suttanipāta that being fanatic in views is a hindrancec in the attainment of liberation (Nibbāna).
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye;
Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā.
‘‘Piyavācaṃva bhāseyya, yā vācā paṭinanditā;
Yaṃ anādāya pāpāni, paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṃ.
‘‘Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano;
Sacce atthe ca dhamme ca, āhu santo patiṭṭhitā.
‘‘Yaṃ buddho bhāsate vācaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sā ve vācānamuttamā’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 5. Subhāsitasuttaṃ
‘‘Gambhīrapañño medhāvī, maggāmaggassa kovido;
Sāriputto mahāpañño, dhammaṃ deseti bhikkhunaṃ.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 6. Sāriputtasuttaṃ
(b) Analyse the relationship of liberation and poetic creativity reflected in the Vaṅgīsa theragātha.
2004
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
Jāte kho pana bhikkhave Vipassimhi kumāre, Bandhumato rañño paṭivedesuṅ: „Putto 'te deva jāto, taṃ devo passatūti.“ Addasā kho bhikkhave Bandhumā rājā Vipassī kumāraṅ, disvā nemitte brāhmaṇe amantāpetvā etad avoca:
„Passantu bhonto nemittā brāhmanā kumāraṃ ti.“ Addasāsuṃ kho bhikkhave nemittā brāhmaṇā Vipassī kumāraṃ disvā Bandhuman rājānaṃ etad avocuṅ: „Attamano deva hohi, mahesakkho te deva putto uppanno. Lābhā te Mahārājā, suladdhaṃ te Mahārājā, yassa te kule evarūpo putto uppanno.
Ayaṃ hi deva kumāro dvattiṅsa Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇepi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa Mahāpurisassa dve gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rjā hoti cakka-vatti dhammiko dhamma-rLjL cāturanto vijitāvi janapadatthāvariyappatto satta-ratana-samannāgato. Tass' imani satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathīdaṃ cakkaratanaṃ hatthi ratanaṃ assa-ratanaṃ maṇi-ratanaṃ itthi-ratanaṃ gahapati-ratanaṃ parināyaka-ratanaṃ eva sattamaṅ. Paro sahassaṃ kho pan'assa puttā bhavanti sūrā virañga-rūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ paṭhaviṃ sāgara-pariyantaṃ adaṇdena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammā sambuddho loke vivattacchaddo.
(b) Examine the transformation of Gautama Buddha's image from a human to a god above gods.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhu anupariveniyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti asaṅketena. Āgantukā bhikkhū na jānati kattha vā ajj' uposatho kariyissatīti. Bhagavato etaṃ atthaṃ ārocesuṅ. Na bhikkhave anupariveṇiyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ asaṅketena. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkhatassa. Anujānāmi bhikkhave uposathāgāraṃ sammannitvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ yaṃ saṅgho ākañkhati viharaṃ vā aḍḍhayogaṃ vā pāsādaṃ vā hammiyaṃ vā guhaṃ vā. Evañ ca pana bhikkhave sammannitabbaṅ: vyattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo:
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṅ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ viharaṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa vihārassa uposathāgarassa sammuti, so tun' assa, yassa na kkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo vihāro uposathāgāraṅ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evaṃ etaṃ dhārayaāmīti.
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammatāni honti. Bhikkhu ubhayattha sannipatanti idha uposatho kariyassati idha uposatho kariyissatīti. Bhagavato etaṃ atthaṃ arocesuṅ. Na bhikkhave ekasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammannitabbāni. Yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkatassa. Anujānāmi bhikkhave ekaṃ samuhanitvā ekattha uposathaṃ kātuṅ.
(b) Discuss the importance of Uposathakamma of Buddhist order.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
a) Taṃ eva vācaṃ bhāseyya yay' attānaṃ na tāpaye pare ca na vihiṅseyya; sa ve vācā subhāsitā.
b) Piyavcaṃ eva bhāseyya yā vācā paṭinanditā yaṃ anādāya pāpni paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṅ.
c) Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano; sacce at the ca dhamme ca āhu santo patitthitā.
d) Yaṃ buddho bhāsatī vācaṃ khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā dukkhass' antakiriyāya, sa ve vacānaṃ uttamā.
e) Gambhirapañño medhāvī maggāmaggassa kovido Sāriputto mahāpañño dhammaṃ deseti bhikkhunaṅ.
f) Saṅkhittena pi deseti vitthārena pi bhāsati sālikāye va nigghoso paṭibhānaṃ udīrayī.
(b) „Theragāthās are echoes of understanding of the Arhant disciples.“ Examine this with suitable examples.
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English.
a) 'Passāmi suddhaṃ paramaṃ arogyaṃ
diṭṭhena saṅsuddhi narassa hoti'
etabhijānaṃ 'paraman'ti ñatvā
suddhānupassi ti pacceti ñāṇaṅ.
b) Diṭṭhena ce suddhi narassa hoti
ñānena vā so pajahāti dukkhaṅ,
aññena so sujjhati sopadhīko
diṭṭhi hi naṃ pāva tathā vadānaṅ.
c) Na brāhmaṇo aññato suddhiṃ āha
diṭṭhe sute sīlavate mute vā
puññe ca pāpe ca anñpalitto
attañjaho na-y-idha pakubbamāno
d) Purimaṃ pahāya aparaṃ sitāse
ejānugā te na taranti saṅgaṃ,
te uggahyanti nirassajanti
kapiva sākhaṃ pamuñcaṃ gahāya
e) Sayaṃ samādāya vatāni jantu
uccāvacaṃ gacchati saññasatto,
vidvāca vedehi samecca dhammaṃ
na uccāvacaṃ gacchati bhūripañño.
f) Sa sabbadhammesu visenibhūto
yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ va sutaṃ mutaṃ vā
taṃ evadassiṃ vivaṭaṃ carantaṃ
kenidha lokasmiṃ vikappayeyya
(b) „The Buddhist way of 'Nibbāṇization' goes beyond all the accepted views.“ Discuss.
2003
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English
34. ‘Katamehi cāyaṃ, deva, kumāro dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāpī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni sattaratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭacchado.
35. ‘Ayañhi, deva, kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo. Yaṃ pāyaṃ, deva, kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo. Idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘Imassa, deva [imassa hi deva (?)], kumārassa heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni. Yampi, imassa deva, kumārassa heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni, idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇā
(b) Examine critically the marks of the Buddha's body that are depicted in the Mahāpadāna Sutta of Dīgha Nikāya.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā anuññātā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitunti – cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdissanti, seyyathāpi mūgasūkarā. Nanu nāma sannipatitehi dhammo bhāsitabbo’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsitu’’nti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 68. Sannipātānujānanā
133. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ paññattāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyyaṃ. So nesaṃ bhavissati uposathakamma’’nti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 69. Pātimokkhuddesānujānanā
(b) Write an exposition on the formal act of observance in the light of Buddhist Vinaya.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati;
Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti.
‘‘Saññāya vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati;
Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.
‘‘Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato;
Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ.
‘‘Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ;
Sati kāyagatā tyatthu, nibbidābahulo bha.
‘‘Animittañca bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha;
Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 4. Ānandasuttaṃ
‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye;
Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 5. Subhāsitasuttaṃ
(b) Illustrate the Buddhist attitude of renunciation on the basis of Kāmasutta of Suttanipāta.
2002
QUESTION 1
(a) Translate into English.
‘Ayañhi, deva, kumāro uṇhīsasīso. Yaṃ pāyaṃ, deva, kumāro uṇhīsasīso, idampissa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
36. ‘Imehi kho ayaṃ, deva, kumāro dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni sattaratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena [dhammena samena (syā.)] abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭacchado’ti.
Dīgha Nikāya – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 1. Mahāpadānasuttaṃ - Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇā
(b) Explain in brief the concept of a great man.
QUESTION 2
(a) Translate into English.
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘samaggānaṃ uposathakamma’nti. Kittāvatā nu kho sāmaggī hoti, yāvatā ekāvāso, udāhu sabbā pathavī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ettāvatā sāmaggī yāvatā ekāvāsoti.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 69. Pātimokkhuddesānujānanā
137. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākappino rājagahe viharati maddakucchimhi migadāye. Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ uposathaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ saṅghakammaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, atha khvāhaṃ visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato mahākappinassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gijjhakūṭe pabbate antarahito maddakucchimhi migadāye āyasmato mahākappinassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Āyasmāpi kho mahākappino bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi – 2. Uposathakkhandhako - 70. Mahākappinavatthu
(b) Give an account on the underlined word of the above passage.
QUESTION 3
(a) Translate into English.
‘‘Buddhānubuddho so thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo;
Lābhī sukhavihārānaṃ, vivekānaṃ abhiṇhaso.
‘‘Yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, satthusāsanakārinā;
Sabbassa taṃ anuppattaṃ, appamattassa sikkhato.
‘‘Mahānubhāvo tevijjo, cetopariyāyakovido;
Koṇḍañño buddhadāyādo [buddhasāvako (pī.)], pāde vandati satthuno’’ti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 9. Koṇḍaññasuttaṃ
‘Nagassa passe āsīnaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ;
Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyino.
‘‘Te cetasā anupariyeti [anupariyesati (sī. syā. kaṃ.)], moggallāno mahiddhiko;
Cittaṃ nesaṃ samannesaṃ [samanvesaṃ (syā. aṭṭha.)], vippamuttaṃ nirūpadhiṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ;
Anekākārasampannaṃ, payirupāsanti gotama’’nti.
Saṃyutta Nikāya – Sagāthāvaggapāḷi – 8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ - 10. Moggallānasuttaṃ
(b) Assess the poetical value of the verses recited by Arahat Vaṅgīsa.
QUESTION 4
(a) Translate into English
780. Kāmesu giddhā pasutā pamūḷhā, avadāniyā te visame niviṭṭhā;
Dukkhūpanītā paridevayanti, kiṃsū bhavissāma ito cutāse.
781. Tasmā hi sikkhetha idheva jantu, yaṃ kiñci jaññā visamanti loke;
Na tassa hetū visamaṃ careyya, appañhidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā.
782. Passāmi loke pariphandamānaṃ, pajaṃ imaṃ taṇhagataṃ bhavesu;
Hīnā narā maccumukhe lapanti, avītataṇhāse bhavābhavesu.
783. Mamāyite passatha phandamāne, maccheva appodake khīṇasote;
Etampi disvā amamo careyya, bhavesu āsattimakubbamāno.
Khuddaka Nikāya – Suttanipātapāḷi – 4. Aṭṭhakavaggo - 2. Guhaṭṭhakasuttaṃ
(b) Explain the Buddha's teachings on sensual pleasure.
Probably not in the question papers:
QUESTION 1
- Translate into English:
Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatte rajjaṃ kārente bodhisatto mahāvibhave brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto takkasilaṃ gantvā sabbasippāni uggaṇhitvā bārāṇasiyaṃ disāpāmokkho ācariyo hutvā pañca māṇavakasatāni sippaṃ vācesi. Tesu māṇavesu eko sañjīvo nāma māṇavo atthi, bodhisatto tassa matakuṭṭhāpanakamantaṃ adāsi. So uṭṭhāpanakamantameva gahetvā paṭibāhanamantaṃ pana aggahetvāva ekadivasaṃ māṇavehi saddhiṃ dāruatthāya araññaṃ gantvā ekaṃ matabyagghaṃ disvā māṇave āha ‘‘bho, imaṃ matabyagghaṃ uṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti. Māṇavā ‘‘na sakkhissasī’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Passantānaññeva vo taṃ uṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sace, māṇava, sakkosi, uṭṭhāpehī’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā te māṇavā rukkhaṃ abhiruhiṃsu. Sañjīvo mantaṃ parivattetvā matabyagghaṃ sakkharāhi pahari, byaggho uṭṭhāya vegenāgantvā sañjīvaṃ galanāḷiyaṃ ḍaṃsitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpetvā tattheva pati, sañjīvopi tattheva pati. Ubhopi ekaṭṭhāneyeva matā nipajjiṃsu.
QUESTION 2
- Translate into English:
Yathā pana aññe sattā mātukucchito nikkhamantā paṭikūlena asucinā makkhitā nikkhamanti, na evaṃ bodhisatto. So pana dhammāsanato otaranto dhammakathiko viya, nisseṇito otaranto puriso viya, ca dve ca hatthe dve ca pāde pasāretvā ṭhitakova mātukucchisambhavena kenaci asucinā amakkhito suddho visado kāsikavatthe nikkhittamaṇiratanaṃ viya jotayanto mātukucchito nikkhami. Evaṃ santepi bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sakkāratthaṃ ākāsato dve udakadhārā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa ca mātuyā ca sarīre utuṃ gāhāpesuṃ.
Khuddakanikāye – Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā - (Paṭhamo bhāgo) - 2. Avidūrenidānakathā
QUESTION 3
- Translate into English:
11. Addasā kho upako ājīvako bhagavantaṃ antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vippasannāni kho te, āvuso, indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto. Kaṃsi tvaṃ, āvuso, uddissa pabbajito? Ko vā te satthā? Kassa vā tvaṃ dhammaṃ rocesī’’ti? Evaṃ vutte bhagavā upakaṃ ājīvakaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
[dha. pa. 353; kathā. 405] ‘‘Sabbābhibhū sabbavidūhamasmi,
Sabbesu dhammesu anūpalitto;
Sabbañjaho taṇhākkhaye vimutto,
Sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ.
[mi. pa. 4.5.11 milindapañhepi; kathā. 405] ‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati;
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo.
[kathā. 405 kathāvatthupāḷiyampi] ‘‘Ahañhi arahā loke, ahaṃ satthā anuttaro;
Ekomhi sammāsambuddho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto.
[kathā. 405 kathāvatthupāḷiyampi]‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattetuṃ, gacchāmi kāsinaṃ puraṃ;
Andhībhūtasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, āhañchaṃ [āhaññiṃ (ka.)] amatadundubhi’’nti.
Vinayapiṭake – Mahāvaggapāḷi - 1. Mahākhandhako - 6. Pañcavaggiyakathā1
QUESTION 4
- Translate to English:
manasā ce padutthena – bhāsati vā karoti vā
tato naṃ dukkhamanveti – cakkaṃva vahato padaṃ.
(Dhammapada 1)
Idha modati pecca modati – katapuñño ubhayattha modati;
so modati so pamodati – disvā kammavisuddhimattano.
(Dhammapada 16)
Visāradaṃ vādapathāti vattinaṃ,
Tilokapajjotamasayhasāhinaṃ;
Asesa ñeyyāvaraṇappahāyinaṃ,
Namāmi satthāramanantagocaraṃ.
Añña – Sīhala Gantha Saṅgaho - Dāṭhāvaṃsa 1
QUESTION 5
- Translate into English:
Khuddaka Nikāya – Khuddakapāṭhapāḷi – 5. Maṅgalasuttaṃ
QUESTION 6
Translate into English:
25. Atha kho sudinno kalandaputto aciravuṭṭhitāya parisāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sudinno kalandaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā yathāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ; icchāmahaṃ, bhante, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Anuññātosi pana tvaṃ, suddinna, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, sudinna, tathāgatā ananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti. ‘‘Sohaṃ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti.
(Vinaya Piṭaka – Pārājikapāḷi - 1. Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ - 1. Paṭhamapārājikaṃ - Sudinnabhāṇavāro –paragraph 25)
QUESTION 7
Translate into English:
5. [udā. 11] Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā ajapālanigrodhamūlā yena mucalindo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā mucalindamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Tena kho pana samayena mahā akālamegho udapādi, sattāhavaddalikā sītavātaduddinī. Atha kho mucalindo nāgarājā sakabhavanā nikkhamitvā bhagavato kāyaṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā uparimuddhani mahantaṃ phaṇaṃ karitvā aṭṭhāsi
(Vinaya Piṭaka – Mahāvaggapāḷi - 1. Mahākhandhako – 3. Mucalindakathā)
QUESTION 8
- Translate into English:
(Khuddakanikāye – Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā - (Paṭhamo bhāgo) - 1. Ekakanipāto - 15. Kakaṇṭakavaggo - 10. Sañjīvajātakavaṇṇanā)2
1Similar version can be found at: Majjhimanikāyo – Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi - 3. Opammavaggo - 6. Pāsarāsisuttaṃ
2I could not find exactly the same sutta as mentioned in the question paper, also regarding the difficulty that there was no mention of its placement. This sutta is 98% same as the in the test paper. I am definitely sure that the version on the question paper was different because of unintentionally committed mistakes (as there are only two or three very small differences).
